Mu Majyaruguru ya Afurika hose, abaturage bo mu bwoko bwa Amazigh bizihije umwaka wa mushya wa 2976.
Umwaka mushya w’aba Amazigh, uzwi nka Yennayer, utangira hagati ya tariki ya 12 na 14 Mutarama(1), bitewe n’akarere batuyemo. Hari abatuye muri Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia na Libya.
Muri iyi minsi, imiryango yabo yateguye iminsi mikuru irimo amafunguro menshi, bacana igishyito kinini kandi bacuranga umuziki gakondo mu rwego rwo kwifurizanya umwaka mushya muhire.
Abatuye iki gice cya Afurika ku kirangaminsi (calendar) cyabo bageze mu mwaka wa 2976, hafi imyaka igihumbi imbere ya henshi ku isi, kuko bakoresha ikirangaminsi gitangirira mu mwaka wa 950 mbere ya Yezu Kristu, igihe Umwami Sheshonq yajyaga ku ntebe y’ubwami bwa Misiri.
Amagambo agira ati: “Aseggas ameggaz”, asobanura umwaka mushya muhire, yakomeje kumvikana mu midugudu no mu mihanda y’imijyi aba Amazigh batuyemo.
Aba baseruka mu myambaro gakondo y’amabara anyuranye, irimbishijwe neza kandi idoze bya gihanga, isanzwe yambarwa mu kwizihiza uwo munsi mukuru.
Amazigh bisobanura “Abantu bisanzuye” cyangwa “Abantu b’icyubahiro” ni amoko atandukanye y’abantu bo muri Afurika y’amajyaruguru, akaba ari bo batuye ako kace kuva mu mateka y’isi azwi yanditswe bwa mbere.
Kubera kutabarurwa ngo habeho imibare izwi yabo kandi yemewe n’inzego zibishinzwe bituma umubare nyawo w’abo baturage utazwi neza.
Gusa, hifashishijwe kugenekereza, bivugwa ko hari miliyoni nyinshi z’aba Amazigh babarwa mu moko atandukanye y’abantu bo muri Afurika y’amajyaruguru.
Algeria na Maroc ni byo bihugu bifite abaturage benshi cyane aho bikekwa ko 40% by’abahatuye ari aba-Amazigh.
Yennayer yibanda ku guhuza imiryango, kwizihiza gusubira mu buzima bushya no ku mubano ukomeye aba Amazigh basanzwe bagirana n’ikirere, ibidukikije, n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima.
Kubera ko aba-Amazigh ari itsinda ry’abantu batandukanye, ibiryo gakondo byabo biratandukanye bitewe n’igihugu cyangwa agace.
Mu karere ka High Atlas muri Maroc, “ourkemen”, ni ifunguro rikungahaye ku mboga, ibinyampeke, n’ibirungo binyuranye, rikaba ari ryo funguro rikundwa cyane ku munsi w’Ubunani muri ako gace.
Imiryango myinshi yo muri Algeria ikunda “trèze”, ni ukuvuga uruvange rw’imbuto zumishijwe, ubunyobwa, n’imbuto z’umwimerere, bakaba barifata nyuma yo gufata ifunguro nyamukuru.
Uruvange rwa ”snacks/collations” na rwo ruhabwa abana bato mu rwego rwo kubifuriza amahirwe, ubukire, uburumbuke n’iterambere.
Ku ba Amazigh, Yennayer si umunsi wo kwishimana n’imiryango gusa. Ushobora no kwizihizwa n’abaturage benshi, haba mu myidagaduro, ibitaramo n’imyiyereko hirya no hino, bigatuma umwuka w’ubusabane bw’umwaka mushya usakara hose.
Ibi bigaragaza ishema rikomeye ry’umuco ku ba Amazigh nk’abantu bafite amateka maremare yo kwirengagizwa no guhabwa akato.
Mu kinyejana cya karindwi, ubwo abasirikari b’Abarabu bari batangiye kwigarurira Afurika yo mu majyaruguru, bazanye ururimi rwabo n’idini ya Islam.
Byombi byakiriwe ku rwego rwemewe n’amategeko, ku buryo ururimi n’umuco w’aba Amazigh byagiye bigabanuka.
Urugero, mu gihe Colonel Muammar Gaddafi yari ayoboye Libya, ururimi rw’aba Amazigh, Tamazight, rwari rubujijwe mu mashuri, ndetse n’ababyeyi ntibemerewe guha abana babo amazina y’aba Amazigh.
Ariko, kubera ibikorwa by’indashyikirwa by’abaharanira uburenganzira bwabo, umuco n’ururimi rwabo byatangiye kubona agaciro mu myaka ya vuba.
Mu 2011, Maroc yemeje Tamazight nk’ururimi rwemewe n’amategeko. Algeria na Maroc byanemeje ko Yennayer iba umunsi w’ikiruhuko, mu 2017 no mu 2023.
Yennayer ntabwo ari umunsi w’intsinzi y’aba Amazigh gusa, ahubwo ni n’urwibutso rw’imyaka yo kurwanira umuco n’ururimi byabo kugeza aho uyu munsi bageze uyu mu mwaka wa 2976.
