Ibikoresho bya Plastiki bihungabanya Ubuzima bw’Abagore: Inzobere Ziraburira u Rwanda

Umuryango nyarwanda wita ku bidukikije ARECO–RWANDA NZIZA, ku bufatanye n’ihuriro mpuzamahanga rirwanya ibihumanya IPEN ( International Pollutant Elimination network, watangije ubukangurambaga bugamije kumenyekanisha ingaruka zidakunze kuvugwa ku buzima zituruka ku burozi bwangiza imisemburo y’umubiri (Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals – EDCs) buboneka cyane mu bikoresho bya buri munsi bya pulasitiki.

impuguke zigaragaza ko abagore n’abakobwa aribo bigiraho ingaruka by’umwihariko., harimo n’ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku buzima (WHO), zisobanura ko EDCs ari “ibibazo mpuzamahanga bikomeye bikeneye guhagurukirwa vuba”, kuko bifitanye isano n’ubugumba, kanseri zimwe na zimwe, ibibazo byo gutinda gukura ku mwana ukiri mu nda, no kubyibuha kudasanzwe.

EDCs zifitwe na benshi mu mibiri yacu

Ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku buzima (OMS/ WHO) ndetse n’ishami ry’umuryango w’abimbye ryita ku bidukikije UNEP bombi bagaragaza ko phthalates na bisphenols (BPA) biboneka mu bikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa buri munsi n’abaturage:

impapuro zipfunyikamo ibiryo, amarido n’amacupa y’impinja (bibero), Ibikoresho byifashishwa mu kwisiga amavuta ndetse n’amavuta amwe n’amwe, amasabune n’isuku yo mu ngo, n’ibikoresho bya plastiki byo mu biro no mu mashuri.

UNEP ivuga ko izi ari products z’uburozi zibonetse “mu mibiri hafi ya bose bapimwe ku isi”, bagaragaza uburyo bwo kwandura biri ku rwego rwo hejuru.

Impamvu abagore ari bo bahura n’ingaruka cyane

WHO igaragaza ko abagore bafite igihe cyihariye cy’ubusumbane mu mibiri: igihe cya gutwita, konsa, no mu mihindagurikire y’imisemburo mu bwana no mu gucura. Ibi bituma ingaruka z’izi products ziba nyinshi kurusha ku bagabo.

Ikindi, ibicuruzwa byagenewe abagore biri mu bikunze kubamo EDCs cyane harimo:

ibirungo n’amavuta  yo kwisiga, amarangi yo gusiga ku nzara (nail polish), amavuta yo mu misatsi,ndetse n’ibindi bikoresho bya pulasitiki byo mu rugo.

Inzobere za WHO zemeza ko impinja zikiri mu nda zishobora guhura n’ingaruka z’igihe kirekire zirimo: kuvuka nabi, gutinda mu mikurire, ibibazo by’imitekerereze, no kubura ubushobozi bwo kubyara mu gihe bazaba bakuru.

Icyuho mu mategeko no mu makuru ku bikoresho bya plastiki

Kugeza uyu munsi, nta makuru ahagije ahari atuma umuturage amenya niba igikoresho runaka cya plastiki kirimo BPA, phthalates cyangwa izindi products z’uburozi. Abahanga bemeza ko iki ari kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye mu kurinda abaturage.

U Rwanda: Ibyakozwe n’ibikenewe

U Rwanda rumaze imyaka rutera intambwe mu kurengera ibidukikije. Mu ngamba zari zimaze gushyirwa mu bikorwa harimo: Gukumira amasashe kuva mu 2008, Kubangamira plastiki zikoreshwa rimwe (single-use plastics) kuva mu 2019, Ubugenzuzi bukorwa na RSB ku bikoresho bitemewe.

Ariko kugeza ubu, nta tegeko rirambuye rigenzura ibikoresho bikoresha bisphenol cyangwa phthalates, cyane cyane ibikoreshwa mu ngo n’iby’impinja.

Inzobere zo mu Rwanda, zirimo abashakashatsi bakorera mu mashuri makuru n’ibigo by’ubuzima, zivuga ko hakenewe:

1. Amategeko asobanutse yo gushyiraho ibirango bigaragaza EDCs mu bicuruzwa,
2. Ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku rwego rw’igihugu ku byandura imisemburo,
3. Ubukangurambaga rusange bukangurira abaturage kumenya neza ibikoresho byizewe,
4. Guhugura abacuruzi n’abakora inganda ku ngaruka z’ibi bintu.

Icyo inzobere mpuzamahanga zivuga

• Ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku buzima OMS/WHO  ivuga ko ku isi hose, abantu basaga 90% bafite ibisigisigi bya BPA mu maraso cyangwa mu nkari.
• Naho ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku bidukikije UNEP ishimangira ko EDCs zigira ingaruka ku bukungu, kuko buri mwaka miliyari nyinshi z’amadolari zishorwa mu kuvura indwara ziterwa na byo.
• Abahanga ba IPEN bavuga ko igabanywa ry’izi products  ari kimwe mu bitanga umusaruro mu kurinda ubuzima bw’abagore n’abana.

Ubutumwa bwa ARECO–RWANDA NZIZA

Iki gikorwa cyatangijwe kigamije gufasha abaturage kumenya uburozi butagaragara bubangamira ubuzima bwabo buri munsi. Abategura ubu bukangurambaga bavuga ko aribwo buryo bwiza bwo:

• gutuma abaturage basobanukirwa n’ibyago bihishe,
• kotsa igitutu inganda zikora ibikoresho zikabigabanya ndetse
• gushyigikira ubuzima bwiza bw’abagore n’abakobwa b’u Rwanda.

Bashimangira ko kurwanya uburozi mu bikoresho bya buri munsi ari ibintu bishoboka kandi byihutirwa, kugira ngo ejo hazaza h’abagore n’abana b’u Rwanda harusheho kuba heza.

Dore zimwe mu ngero z’ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bibonekamo cyane EDCs

Hano hari ingero z’ibikoresho bya pulasitiki bikoreshwamo kenshi kandi bishobora kubonekamo EDCs (Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals) nka BPA, phthalates, PFAS, n’izindi.

1. Amacupa yo kunywamo amazi ya pulasitiki (PET, polycarbonate)

• Aho bishobora kubonekamo EDCs: BPA, antimony, phthalates
• Akenshi bibaho iyo icupa ryasaje, ryashyizwe ku zuba, cyangwa ryakoreshejwe inshuro nyinshi.

2. Udusafurya/kontineri zo kubikamo amafunguro (Tupperware n’izindi)

• Aho bishobora kubonekamo: BPA na phthalates
• Bimwe muri byo iyo bishyizwe muri microwave bishobora kurekura imisemburo mibi.

3. Amapulasitiki yo gupfunyika (plastic wraps)

• Akenshi arimo: phthalates
• Ashobora kwinjira mu biribwa cyane cyane by’imyunyu cyangwa ibinyamavuta.

4. Ibikinisho bya pulasitiki by’abana

• Akenshi birimo: phthalates (bibigira byoroshye)
• Biteza impungenge kuko abana babishyira mu kanwa.

5. Isakoshi n’inkweto zikoze muri “PVC”

• PVC ijyamo: phthalates
• Kubera ko phthalates ntizifatika neza kuri pulasitiki, zishobora kurekurwa mu mwuka cyangwa ku ruhu.

6. Ibikoresho byo mu gikoni (spatula, ibiyiko bya pulasitiki, ibyoza amasahani)

• Bimwe bikorwamo: melamine, BPA
• Iyo bishyizwe ku bushyuhe bwinshi bishobora kurekura EDCs.

7. Umufuniko w’amasashe yo gupfunyika ibicuruzwa (food packaging)

• Nko ku matungo, fromage, amavuta.
• Bikunze kugira phthalates na PFAS.