Umuhanga mu by’ubumenyi bw’ibisigaramatongo nti yabashije guhisha umujinya aterwa n’uko ibuye ridasanzwe rya meteorite ryavuye ku mubumbe wa Mars, ryavumbuwe mu myaka ibiri ishize muri Niger, ryaje kugurishwa mu cyamunara cyabereye i New York mu kwezi gushize, rikagurwa n’umuguzi utaramenyekana.
Uyu muhanga, ufite umubano wihariye na Niger, ashimangira ko iryo buye rikwiye gusubizwa igihugu ryavumbuwemo.
Iryo buye rifite imyaka ibarirwa muri za miliyoni ryaturutse ku mubumbe utukura, kandi ni ryo rinini cyane ryigeze kuboneka ku Isi. Ryaguzwe miliyoni 4.3 z’amadolari ya Amerika (arenga miliyari esheshatu z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda) mu cyamunara cy’isosiyete ya Sotheby’s. Nta makuru yagaragajwe ku muguzi waryo cyangwa uwaryigurishije.
Gusa amakuru dukesha isoko yacu avuga ko kugeza ubu, ntiharamenyekana niba hari igice cy’ayo mafaranga cyagejejwe kuri Leta ya Niger.
Ibice by’ibivuye ku mibumbe yo mu kirere byagiye bigwa ku Isi mu bihe bitandukanye, bikurura amatsiko y’abantu—abandi bakabyitiranya n’ibintu bifite imbaraga zidasanzwe, abandi bakabifata nk’iby’agaciro gakomeye. Mu bihe bya vuba, abashakashatsi babikozeho ubushakashatsi bwimbitse.
Ubucuruzi bwa meteorite bugereranywa n’isoko ry’ibihangano by’ubugeni, aho umwihariko n’ubuke bwazo bigena igiciro cyazo. Ku isi hose, amabuye ya meteorite yemejwe ko yavuye kuri Mars ni make cyane—agera kuri 400 gusa mu 50.000 amaze kuvumburwa.
Amafoto y’iri buye rifite ibiro 24 yafashwe muri Sotheby’s agaragaza ibara ry’umuringa n’iritukura, yateje amatsiko menshi. Ariko nanone, abantu batangiye kwibaza inzira ryanyuzemo riva muri Niger rijya i New Yorka muri Leta nzuze ubumwe z’Amarika aho ryagurishijwe mu cyamunara.
Leta ya Niger, binyuze mu itangazo, yatangaje ko ifite “impungenge zikomeye ku buryo iri buye ryasohowe mu gihugu, bikaba bishobora kuba ari ibikorwa bya magendu.”
Sotheby’s yo ivuga ko inzira zose zemewe n’amategeko zakurikijwe, ariko Niger yatangiye iperereza ku ivumburwa no kugurishwa kw’iri buye.
Raporo ya kaminuza yo mu Butaliyani yo mu mwaka ushize ivuga ko iri buye ryavumbuwe ku wa 16 Ugushyingo 2023 mu butayu bwa Sahara, mu gace ka Agadez ka Niger, n’umuntu udasanzwe uzwi witwa “umuhigi wa meteorite.” Nyuma, ryagurishijwe ku mucuruzi wo mu mahanga, rijyanwa kwerekanwa mu imurikabikorwa ryabereye mu mujyi wa Arezzo mu Butaliyani.
Iryo buye, ryiswe NWA 16788 (NWA isobanura North-West Africa), ryasuzumwe n’itsinda ry’abashakashatsi bayobowe na Prof. Giovanni Pratesi wa Kaminuza ya Florence, kugira ngo hamenyekane inkomoko n’imiterere yaryo.
Nyuma yo kwerekanwa mu gihe gito n’Ikigo cy’Isanzure cy’Ubutaliyani (Italian Space Agency) i Roma, ryaje kongera kugaragara mu cyamunara i New York, ariko bimwe mu bice byaryo bibiri bisigara mu Butaliyani ku mpamvu z’ubushakashatsi.
Prof. Paul Sereno, washinze ikigo NigerHeritage, avuga ko amategeko ya Niger atubahirijwe. Yashimangiye ko umurage kamere w’iki gihugu—haba ibikomoka ku muco, ibinyabuzima bya kera cyangwa ibivuye mu isanzure—ugomba kurindwa no gusubizwa aho byaturutse.
Amategeko mpuzamahanga, arimo n’ayashyizweho na UNESCO, ateganya uburyo ibikoresho bifite agaciro ku murage w’igihugu bigomba kurindwa. Nyamara, ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2019 bugaragaza ko ku bijyanye na za meteorite hakiri amayeri menshi atuma zicuruzwa nta gihagaritswe.
Niger ifite itegeko ryo mu 1997 rirengera umurage kamere, ariko ntabwo rivuga ku buryo bweruye za meteorite. Ibi byatumye n’inzu ya Sotheby’s ishimangira ko nta mategeko bwite y’igihugu abigenga.
Ibyo byabaye no muri Maroc, aho mu myaka irenga 20 yashize habonetse meteorite zirenga 1.000 mu butayu bwa Sahara, zikajya kugurishwa ku isoko mpuzamahanga.
Prof. Hasnaa Chennaoui Aoudjehane wo muri Maroc, wamaze imyaka 25 arengera umurage uva mu isanzure, avuga ko aya mabuye ari “igice cy’udutunze kandi dutuma twirata nk’igihugu.” Yahamije ko kugurisha meteorite nta mategeko abigenga bidindiza cyane ubushobozi bwo kuzirinda.
Ku bijyanye n’ibuye rya Niger, Prof. Hasnaa avuga ko atatunguwe, kuko “mu myaka 25 ishize, ibi byagiye bigaragara kenshi. Ni ibintu bitera isoni, ariko ni uko bigenda mu bihugu byacu.”
Prof. Sereno yizeye ko icyamunara cya Sotheby’s kizaba isomo ku bategetsi ba Niger, kikabatera gukora ibikwiye no guharanira ko iri buye cyangwa ibindi nkaryo bisubizwa aho byavumbuwe, nk’uko amategeko n’uburenganzira bw’igihugu bibiteganya.
