Mu bihe ikoranabuhanga ryashinze imizi mu buzima bwa buri munsi, amakuru bwite y’umuntu ku giti cye yagiye aba ingenzi kurusha ikintu cyose. Ubu, uko winjiye kuri internet, ukoresheje application cyangwa usaba serivisi ku rubuga, amakuru yawe arakusanywa, akabikwa, akanasesengurwa.
Mu rwego rwo kurinda uburenganzira bw’abantu ku makuru abaranga no gukurikiza ibisabwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga, u Rwanda rwashyizeho Itegeko Nº 058/2021 ryo ku wa 13/10/2021 rigenga kurinda amakuru bwite y’umuntu (Data Protection and Privacy Law).
Iri tegeko ryatangajwe mu Igazeti ya Leta ku wa 15 Ukuboza 2021, risobanura uburyo amakuru y’umuntu ku giti cye agomba gukusanywa, kubikwa, gutunganywa no gukoreshwa mu buryo bwubahiriza uburenganzira n’icyubahiro bye.
Iri tegeko ryatangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa ku mugaragaro nyuma y’amezi 2, ni ukuvuga kuva ku wa 15 Ukuboza 2021.
Iri tegeko rigamije iki?
Iri tegeko rifite intego eshatu z’ingenzi:
- Kurengera uburenganzira bw’abantu ku makuru yabo bwite (nka nimero y’irangamuntu, amafoto, aho batuye, konti ya banki, amakuru y’ubuzima…).
- Gushyiraho inshingano ku bantu n’ibigo bikusanya, bibika cyangwa bikoreshaho amakuru y’abandi.
- Kurinda ubuzima bwite bw’umuntu mu gihe isi igeze aho ikoranabuhanga ririmo gukusanya amakuru menshi cyane mu buryo bworoshye.
Amakuru bwite y’umuntu avugwa muri iri tegeko (personal data) harimo:
- Amazina yuzuye;
- Itariki n’aho yavukiye;
- Ibyangombwa nk’indangamuntu, nimero ya pasiporo;
- Ifoto imuranga cyangwa amajwi ye;
- Aho atuye cyangwa ahaherereye (GPS);
- Amakuru y’imibanire, imyemerere, ubuzima, ubukungu, imari cyangwa imyitwarire kuri murandasi.
Aya makuru iyo yamenyekanye cyangwa agakoreshwa nabi ashobora kwangiza umuntu mu buryo bw’ubuzima, imibereho cyangwa ubucuruzi.
Kuki iri tegeko ry’Amakuru bwite ari ingenzi?
Mu bihe byashize, amakuru y’abantu yakusanywaga cyangwa agakoreshwa mu buryo butagaragaraga neza. Abantu ntibabwirwaga impamvu amakuru yabo yakenewe, aho azabikwa, cyangwa uko azakoreshwa.
Urugero:
- Hari aho umuntu yakoresha application kuri telefoni, ikamusaba uburenganzira bwo kumenya aho aherereye (location), amafoto, cyangwa nimero ze z’abantu bahana ubutumwa, kandi ntabisobanurirwe impamvu.
- Websites nyinshi zikoresha cookies zitamenyesha neza uko zikusanya amakuru y’abazisura.
👉 Ibi byose ni ibyo iri tegeko rishaka kurwanya.
Ni bande iri tegeko rireba rigenzura Amakuru bwite y’abantu?
Iri tegeko rireba abantu bose cyangwa ibigo:
- Bikusanya, bibika, bitunganya cyangwa bigurisha amakuru bwite y’abantu;
- Bitanga serivisi zishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga;
- Bifite websites, applications, cyangwa platforms zikoresha amakuru y’abakiriya.
Rireba by’umwihariko:
- Ibigo by’ubucuruzi (amaduka, amahoteli, amabanki…)
- Amashuri, ibigo nderabuzima, abatanga serivisi kuri internet
- Abanyamakuru, YouTubers, Bloggers, n’abacuruzi kuri murandasi
Amwe mu magambo y’ingenzi tugomba kumenya
| Ijambo | Ibisobanuro |
|---|---|
| Amakuru bwite | Amakuru agaragaza umuntu ku giti cye, nk’izina, nimero y’irangamuntu, amafoto, aho atuye, n’andi yamuranga |
| Ukoresha amakuru (Processor) | Umuntu cyangwa ikigo gikoresha amakuru ku bw’undi |
| Ugira uruhare mu gukusanya (Controller) | Ugena impamvu n’uburyo amakuru akoreshwa |
| Ubuzima bwite | Iby’umuntu atifuza ko bigaragara cyangwa bisakazwa |
Uburenganzira bw’umuturage ku makuru ye bwite
Umuntu wese afite uburenganzira bwo:
- Guhabwa ibisobanuro ku makuru ye atanzwe cyangwa yakusanyijwe;
- Gusaba ko amakuru ye ahindurwa, avanwaho cyangwa akomorerwa;
- Kumenya icyo amakuru ye azakoreshwa mbere y’uko atangwa;
- Kwanga ko amakuru ye akoreshwa mu buryo budasobanutse cyangwa budahuye n’icyo yayatanzeho;
- Kumenyeshwa igihe amakuru ye yakoreweho impinduka, yoherejwe ahandi cyangwa akoreshejwe mu buryo butari bwo.
Inshingano z’abakusanya n’abakoresha amakuru
Abitwa controllers na processors (abakusanya cyangwa abakoresha amakuru) bagomba:
- Gusobanurira umuntu amakuru bakeneye, impamvu bayakeneye n’icyo azakoreshwa ho;
- Kumenyesha igihe ayo makuru azabikwa, aho azabikwa n’uko azarindwa;
- Gushyiraho uburyo bwo kwemerera umuntu kubanza kwemeza ko amakuru ye atanzwe k’ubushake (consent);
- Kwandika no gutangaza Politiki yo Kurinda Amakuru (Privacy Policy);
- Kubika ayo makuru mu buryo butekanye, hakoreshejwe ubwirinzi bw’ikoranabuhanga.
Ibihano biteganywa n’itegeko
Iri tegeko riteganya ibihano birimo:
- Amande kuva ku bihumbi 500 Frw kugera kuri miliyoni 5 Frw ku muntu ku giti cye;
- Amande ashobora kugera kuri 2% y’umutungo w’ikigo cyangwa miliyoni 50 Frw, bitewe n’ingano y’uburemere bw’icyaha;
- Ifungwa hagati y’amezi 6 kugeza ku myaka 5, ku bantu bahamijwe ibyaha byo gukoresha nabi amakuru y’abandi.
🛡 RIB n’Urwego rushinzwe ikoranabuhanga (NCSA) ni bande bashinzwe kubungabunga iri tegeko?
Iri tegeko rigenzurwa n’urwego rw’igihugu rushinzwe umutekano mu by’ikoranabuhanga ruzwi nka National Cyber Security Authority (NCSA) rukaba rufite inshingano zo:
- Kugenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’iri tegeko;
- Kwandika no kwakira ibirego by’abantu babangamiwe;
- Gutanga uburenganzira ku bigo bikusanya cyangwa bikoreshaho amakuru;
- Guhana abarenze ku mategeko, hakoreshejwe inzego z’umutekano nka RIB.
Kuki iri tegeko rifitiye akamaro buri Munyarwanda?
Mu gihe isi igenda yinjira mu ikoranabuhanga ryisumbuye irisanzwe, amakuru yacu abikwa hirya no hino: kuri telefone, kuri internet, mu mabanki, ku mashuri n’ahandi. Iyo amakuru akoreshwa nabi ashobora gutuma umuntu:
- Yibwa amafaranga ye;
- Yibasirwa n’abatekamitwe (cybercrime);
- Yandikwaho ibintu atazi (identity theft);
- Yamburwa ibanga ry’ubuzima cyangwa imyemerere ye.
👉 Iri tegeko ni inkuta z’ubwirinzi bw’ubuzima bwacu bwite mu gihe cy’ikoranabuhanga rihinduka buri munsi.
Icyo usabwa nk’umuturage cyangwa nyiri serivisi
- Jya usoma Privacy Policy mu gihe usura website cyangwa application;
- Jya usobanuza igihe usabwa amakuru bwite uko azakoreshwa;
- Niba ufite website, shishikarira kugira politiki ya “Privacy” isobanutse;
- Menya uburenganzira bwawe, kandi nutahura ko bwahonyowe, ujye ubimenyesha NCSA cyangwa RIB.
Ubutumwa bw’umwanditsi:
Mu gihe isi yacu yihuta mu ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga, gukoresha amakuru bwite bigomba gukorwa mu mucyo n’icyubahiro. Ni byiza kugira ikoranabuhanga, ariko ni byiza cyane kwitwararika. Iri tegeko rifasha Abanyarwanda kwirinda ibikorwa by’uburiganya, ubujura bwo kuri murandasi (cybercrime), n’ihonyorwa ry’ubuzima bwite.
Joshua GASORE
Uburenganzira bwawe ntibugomba kuguranywa udushya tw’ubuhanga. Kugira amakenga no kumenya amategeko ni uburyo bwo kurinda agaciro kawe.
📞 Aho wabariza cyangwa watanga ikirego
- Urwego: National Cyber Security Authority (NCSA)
- Urubuga: https://www.ncsa.gov.rw
- Email: info@ncsa.gov.rw
- Telephone: +250 788 311 117
