Iyo bavuze iterambere ry’urwego rw’ubuvuzi mu Rwanda abenshi bahita bumva umubare w’inzobere zikora imirimo ikomeye nko kubaga ibice bikomeye nk’umutima, ubwonko, abavura indwara zikomeye nka kanseri n’ibindi.
Nanjye simbihakanye ni byo. Ariko ku rundi ruhande tekereza, uwo muganga ubaga umutima w’umuntu, igikorwa akigeze hagati, mu kanya ukumva ngo hari akuma gapfuye mu mashini yakoreshaga. Nta kuzuyaza uhita utekereza ku wo kuyikora kandi ukifuza ko bikorwa mu masonda inzogera y’uwawe itarirenga.
Urwo ni urugero nguhaye nshaka kukumvisha akamaro k’ibikoresho byo kwa muganga ariko ntibagiwe n’ababikoresha.
Guverinoma y’u Rwanda na yo yabimenye kare ibiteza imbere. Nk’ubu imaze kwakira mu byiciro bitandukanye ibikoresho byaguzwe ku bufatanye n’Uruganda rwo mu Budage rwa Siemens Healthineers.
Ibiheruka ni ibyo rwakiriye muri Kamena 2024, byifashishwa mu gusuzuma no gufotora umubiri w’umuntu.
Ubu u Rwanda rufite imashini nka X-Rays, Ultra Sound, MRI, CT Scan, Endoscopic Ultrasound’, Multix Impact E, Ultrasound, Somatop go. Top, n’ibindi utapfaga kuba wabona mu myaka ishize.
Ibyo bijyana kandi na politiki yo kuzana ibigo bikomeye mu Rwanda bigatanga amasomo ajyanye n’ikoranabuhanga rihambaye.
Ubu binyuze muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, mu cyanya cy’inganda huzuye inyubako nshya igeretse gatanu, Ikigo Nyafurika cy’icyitegererezo mu gukora ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi, CEBE) kizajya gikoreramo.
Igice cya mbere cyayo cyuzuye gitwaye miliyoni 21$ (arenga 27 Frw y’ubu), icya kabiri kizatwara byibuze hagati ya miliyoni 25$ na miliyoni 30$.
Kiri muri bike bitageze kuri bitatu biri muri Afurika byagenewe gutanga umusanzu wabyo mu bijyanye no guteza imbere urwo rwego rw’ubuvuzi.
Ntitwavuga ngo twibagirwe IRCAD Africa ubu iri kwigisha abaganga kuba umuntu yaba ari i Kigali akabaga uri i Texas muri Amerika, igikorwa kikagenda neza n’ibindi.
Ubuvuzi bwifashishije ingufu za nucléaire na da Vinci robots, undi muvuno mu guhangana n’indwara zikomeye
Mu gukomeza guteza imbere ubuvuzi bugezweho, Impinga Media ifite amakuru ko u Rwanda ruri mu mishinga yo kugura imashini zifasha mu gutahura indwara hifashishijwe ingufu za nucléaire, ibizwi nka ‘médecine nucléaire’ cyangwa ‘nucléologie.’
Hari abumva izo ngufu bagatekereza bya bisasu Amerika ihora inshinja Iran, bimwe bya kirimbuzi, ariko bagomba kumenya ko zikoreshwa mu bintu bitandukanye.
Nk’ubu muri Nzeri 2023, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yasinyanye amasezerano na Sosiyete Dual Fluid Energy Inc yanditswe mu Budage no muri Canada, kugira ngo ikore igerageza ku ikoranabuhanga ryaganisha ku kuba mu Rwanda hatangira gutunganyirizwa amashanyarazi akomoka ku ngufu za nucléaire, ibyumvikana ko no mu buvuzi bitari igitangaza.
Ni igice cy’ubuvuzi kibarizwa mu ishami rijyanye n’ibikoresho bireba mu mubiri w’umuntu, ariko ugasanga ahenshi ntikihaba kuko imashini zacyo ziba zihenze.
Mu buvuzi bwifashisha izo ngufu, haba imashini ebyiri zifashishwa zirimo izwi nka ‘Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) n’indi izwi nka ‘Positron Emission Tomography: PET. PET ni yo u Rwanda rushaka kugura.
Umurwayi ufite indwara itagaragariye mu mashini zisanzwe, bamutera utunyabutabire duke dukomoka ku ngufu za nucléaire, hanyuma bakamunyuza mu cyuma cyabugenewe.
Utwo tunyabutabire tujya ahari ya ndwara itaragaragara, tugafasha mu kuzitahura. Bikora ku ndwara nk’iz’umutima, kanseri, iz’ubwonko, imyakura n’izindi.
Iyo agiye kubagwa cyangwa agiye guhabwa ubundi buvuzi, umuganga aba abona icyo avuga, bitari bya bindi byo kujya gusatura umuntu ugiye gushaka indwara utazi ingano y’igice irimo.
Ni ubuvuzi bwifashishwa mu kwita ku bice bikomeye nko kuvura kanseri yo mu bwonko, imwe ushobora kwibeshya gato ugahungabanya ubwonko bwose.
Ntitwavuga ibya ‘médecine nucléaire’ ngo twibagirwe ibyo kubaga umuntu ari mu bilometero ibihumbi kandi akavurwa neza.
Abahanga mu buzima berekana ko nibura 13% y’indwara zibasira Isi zivurwa zibanje kubagwa. Bikavugwa ko hakenewe nibura miliyari 350$ kugira ngo intego zo gutanga ubwo buvuzi zigerweho.
Mu kugabanya icyo kiguzi ariko ireme rya serivisi z’ubuvuzi rikiyongera, uyu munsi u Rwanda rurakataje mu guteza imbere ubumenyi ngiro mu buvuzi, binyuze muri IRCAD Africa, ikigo kimaze umwaka gishinzwe mu Rwanda.
Bukoresha rufite imashini izwi nka ‘da Vinci robot’ mu buryo buzwi nka ‘da Vinci Surgical System’ bumwe umuntu abagwa umubaga atari hafi.
Ifasha abarimu kwigisha abaganga kubaga badapfumuye ahantu hanini, aho haremwa umwobo muto ubundi umuntu akabagirwa ku ikoranabuhanga.
Ni imashini ushobora gusanga mu Rwanda no muri Afurika y’Epfo gusa.
Uburyo da Vinci robot ikora, umuganga ayibwira ibyo ikora we ari kureba muri ecran nini, noneho yo igakurikiza amategeko ihawe, ikabaga umuntu yifashishije amaboko yayo (robotic arms).
Aha wenda urayibwira uti nkatiye iburyo na yo igakata, uti ibumoso ikabikora uko, uti ca aka kantu ako kanya igahita igaca.
Abanyarwanda bari kubakirwa ubushobozi ku buryo kubikora byaba ikibazo cy’igihe gusa.
Nk’ubu imibare ya IRCAD Africa igaragaza ko mu mwaka umwe iki kigo gitangiye imirimo mu Rwanda, cyahuguye abaganga b’inzobere barenga 350, bo mu bihugu 25 bya Afurika, u Rwanda rukagiramo benshi kuko bagera kuri 30%.
Ni ukugura ibikoresho bihenze, ukirengaziza ababikanika?
Byumvikana neza ko ibyo bikoresho bizanwa bikeneye n’ababikoresha bafite ubumenyi buhambaye, hirindwa ko imashini ipfa bagahamagara abagikoze ngo baze banagikanike.
Abita kuri ibyo bikoresho baba mu byiciro umuntu yavuga ko ari nka bitatu, barimo ukora imashini, akayisenya akongera akayikora gusa nta bindi azi birenze.
Aba bazwi nka ‘Biomedical Technologists’ bamwe baba barasoje amashuri yisumbuye gusa.
Barimo kandi abazwi nka ‘Biomedical Technicians’ barimo aba bari kurangiza ubu mu mashuri y’imyuga. Baba bashobora kwita ku gikoresho ariko azi neza n’ibyo gikora, bitandukanye n’uwa mbere ukanika gusa.
Icyiciro kindi ni icy’abazwi nka ‘Biomedical Engineers’ bamwe bafatwa nka ba kibamba muri iyi mirimo.
Bakora igenamigambi ku bikoresho igihugu gifite, ibikenewe, uko bizakoreshwa, uko bisimbuzwa, gukora ibishya, gutanga inama ku bijyanye n’ibikoresho bikenewe, ibishaje n’ibindi byemezo bikomeye.
Ubu u Rwanda rubarura abarenga 30 gusa, bose bize mu mahanga kuko mu Rwanda nta shuri rihari ryigisha porogaramu y’icyiciro cya kaminuza.
Ubusanzwe Ishami rya Loni ryita ku Buzima, OMS rivuga ko igihugu kiba cyihagije kuri abo bakozi iyo gifite 2,5 ku bitanda 100.
Mu Rwanda haracyari urugendo kuko buriya ku bitaro by’akarere 56 (ni ho babarizwa mu Rwanda) rufiteyo babiri gusa kandi ibyo bitaro biba bifite hagati y’ibitanda 200 na 400.
Ukoze imibare ugendeye ku bitanda 400 ubona ko u Rwanda rwaba rufite bene abo bahanga mu bijyaye n’ibikoresho byo kwa muganga batanu kuri buri bitaro.
Aho ni ukugenekereza, kuko ubundi bisabwa ko buri shami ryagira abantu babiri bize ibijyanye no kwita ku bikoresho byo kwa muganga.
Ikindi usanga n’abo babiri batazi byose, aho umwe aba ari we ujya kwita ku mashini yifashishwa mu kubaga umutima, ubwonko, indwara z’abagore n’izindi, ibishobora guteza ibibazo aho kubikemura.
Ushobora kumva uwo mubare, ukumva ko mu Rwanda babuze, nyamara si ko bimeze kuko, mu Rwanda amashuri y’imyuga amaze gusohora abarenga 300, mu gihe abamaze guhabwa akazi mu bitaro ari 112.
Ibyo bisanga ibyo ibindi by’umushahara aho usanga badahuje n’abandi bakozi bafatwa nk’abunganira mu bitaro (Allied Health Workforce).
Nk’ubu abo bakozi bo kwa muganga bashinzwe ibikoresho, bahemberwa ku rwego rwa 7,2 mu gihe abandi bakozi nk’abo tuvuze nk’abashinzwe ibidukikije mu bitaro, ikoranabuhanga, itumanaho n’abindi bo baba bahemberwa ku rwego rwa gatanu n’urwa kane.
Icyaba umwotso mu mboni y’inzobere
Nk’uko bigaragara aba bakozi barakomeye. Niba muganga agiye kubaga umuntu akeneye ko wa mukozi wabizobereye amufasha gutunganya icyumba abagiramo buri gikoresho kikaba kiri mu mwanya wacyo.
Akeneye ko niba imashini ipfuye ako kanya haza uyikora wabyize, akeneye ko haba hari umuntu umenya ubuzima bwa buri munsi bw’ibyo bikoresho n’ibindi.
Icyakora ntibyizana hari ibikwiriye gukorwa. Umwe mu bazobereye iyo mirimo bamaze igihe banayikoramo mu Rwanda mu nzego zifata ibyemezo waganiriye na IGIHE, yavuze ko mu bya mbere bigomba kwitabwaho, ni ukuzamurira ubumenyi abo bantu.
Ati “Bagisohoka mu ishuri, bagomba kwigishwa bakamenya ngo umunsi w’uwo mukozi uzobereye iby’ibikoresho byo kwa muganga uba umeze gute. Ubundi bagafasha kuko umuganga ntiyabyishoboza.”
Bijyana no kubaha ubumenyi bwisumbuye ku bikoresho runaka, umukozi akaba azi uko wenda yagenzura igikoresho runaka gikomeye nka kimwe gishyirwamo abana bavutse badashyitse, igikangura umutima n’ibindi.
Ati “Nk’ubu hari ubwo ushobora gushyiramo imibare itari yo ugasanga, aho gukangura umutima urawuturikije. Bisaba ubumenyi buhoraho.”
Mu bindi ni ukureba ku mushahara, kubona ibigenerwa abandi bakozi bo kwa muganga no kugira uruhare muri gahunda za leta.
Nk’ubu u Rwanda hari gahunda yo kongera abakora kwa muganga bakikuba kane. Abazabigiramo uruhare ni ukuvuga abaganga, abaforomo, ababyaza, abo mu burezi, bose beretswe uruhare rwabo, ariko ku bita ku bikoresho byo kwa muganga ubona batazi uruhare rwabo, na cyane ko bataganirijwe.
Ibyo bijyana no kunoza ikijyanye n’ubushakashatsi ku ruhare rw’abo bakozi muri politiki za leta n’icyo bakoze mu gihe nk’igihugu cyugarijwe.
Nk’urugero mu bushakashatsi bukorwa ku bijyanye n’uko igihugu cyakoze ibikomeye mu guhangana na Covid-19, uzasanga uruhare rw’abita ku bikoresho byo kwa muganga rutagarukwaho.
Ntibikorwa nyamara bagize uruhare rukomeye cyane mu gutabara abantu nko gukora igenamigambi rijyanye na Oxygène yahabwaga abarwayi, imashini zayitangaga no kuzitaho, gusaba ishyirwaho ry’inganda ziyitunganya n’ibindi byatabaye abarwayi.
Amakuru Impinga Media ifite ni uko mbere ya Covid-19 mu burezi, ibyo kwigisha ku bijyanye n’uburyo abantu bahabwa umwuka w’inyongera mu gihe bagize ibibazo, ibizwi nka ‘oxygen therapy’, porogaramu byashyizweho nyuma yo kubona umurimo ukomeye w’iri tsinda ry’abize ibijyanye n’ibikoresho byo kwa muganga bakoze.
Ikindi ni ugushyiraho porogaramu ijyanye no kwigisha ibijyanye no kwita ku bikoresho byo kwa muganga mu cyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza kuko kujya kwiga mu mahanga bihenda.
Uyu munsi kujya kwiga nko muri Kaminuza imwe yo mu Burayi bisaba ibihumbi 16$ kugira ngo umuntu abe asoje porogaramu y’imyaka ine, amafaranga afatwa nka ‘minerval’ gusa, utongereyeho igiciro cyo kurya, kuryama n’ibindi.
