Kugabanya igihombo cy’ibiribwa bipfa cyangwa byangirika nyuma yo gusarurwa bikomeje kuba imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye ku rugendo rw’u Rwanda rugamije kugera ku mutekano w’ibiribwa, kongera agaciro k’umusaruro no kuzamura imibereho y’abahinzi. Ubushakashatsi bushya bugaragaza ko ibibazo bikigaragara mu bubiko, kumisha, gutunganya umusaruro no kuwugeza ku masoko biri gutuma abahinzi n’ubukungu bw’igihugu bihomba cyane.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’urugaga rw’abahinzi n’aborozi (CCOAIB Conseil de concertation des organisations d’appui aux initiatives de base), ihuriro ry’imiryango 44 itari iya Leta ikorera mu buhinzi no kurwanya ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, bwerekanye ko u Rwanda rutakaza hafi 40 ku ijana by’ibiribwa buri mwaka bitewe n’imicungire mibi y’umusaruro nyuma yo gusarurwa. Bugaragaza kandi ko 13–14 ku ijana by’ibigori n’ibishyimbo, ndetse na 20–30 ku ijana by’imbuto, imboga n’ibirayi byangirika buri mwaka.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwibanze ku turere twa Nyamasheke na Nyamagabe, dufite ubushobozi bukomeye mu buhinzi ariko dukomeje guhura n’ibibazo by’umusaruro wangirika nyuma yo gusarurwa. Intego yari ukumenya icyuho kiri mu bikorwaremezo byo gufata neza umusaruro no gutunganya ibikomoka ku buhinzi, no gutanga inama zishingiye ku bimenyetso bijyanye na gahunda z’igihugu n’ibyihutirwa ku rwego rw’uturere.
Ibikorwaremezo bidahagije
Raporo yasohotse mu Kuboza igaragaza ko hafi 93 ku ijana by’abahinzi bahura n’igihombo gikomeye mu gihe cyo kubika no gutwara umusaruro. Abasaga 60 ku ijana nta buryo bafite bwo kubona ahantu ho kumisha cyangwa kubika hafi yabo, mu gihe abagera kuri 30 ku ijana gusa babona uburyo bwo gukoresha ibikorwaremezo byateye imbere.
Raporo igira iti: “Mu gihe nta bikoresho bihagije byo kumisha cyangwa kubika bihari, ibigori bisaruwe mu gihe cy’imvura bitangira kubora mu byumweru bike, bigatuma abahinzi babigurisha vuba ku giciro gito.” Ibi bigabanya cyane inyungu zo mu ngo z’abahinzi kandi bikabatesha agaciro ku isoko, bigatuma bagurisha ku bahuza ku giciro cyo hasi.
Ubuyobozi bw’uturere bugaragaza ko hari ibura rikomeye ry’ibyumisha, ububiko , ibyumba bikonjesha n’ahapakirirwa umusaruro. N’aho ibyo bikorwaremezo biboneka, byinshi ntibikora neza bitewe n’imihanda mibi yo mu byaro, amashanyarazi adahagije n’imicungire mibi.
Ibikorwaremezo bikonjesha umusaruro bikiri bike cyane. Nubwo hari ibyumba bikonjesha bikoresha ingufu z’izuba byashyizwe mu turere twa Bugesera, Kamonyi na Nyamagabe, raporo igaragaza ko bitujuje ibyifuzo by’abahinzi.
Imihindagurikire y’ikirere nayo irushaho kongera ikibazo. Umuhinzi Damascene Uwihoreye wo mu Karere ka Nyamagabe yavuze ko imvura idateganyijwe ituma umusaruro wangirika mu gihe nta buryo bwiza bwo kuwumisha no kuwubika.
Ibibazo mu gutunganya umusaruro no kuwugeza ku masoko
Ubushobozi buke bwo gutunganya umusaruro n’isoko ridahagije nabyo bigira uruhare runini mu gihombo. Abahinzi benshi bagurisha umusaruro ku giti cyabo, nta kwishyira hamwe, kandi bagashingira ku bahuza.
Abahinzi bangana na 3–4 ku ijana gusa ni bo bafite uruganda rutunganya umusaruro hafi yabo. Amakoperative adakomeye n’amasezerano make yo gucuruza n’inganda bigabanya ubushobozi bwabo bwo kuganira ku giciro cyiza.
Raporo inagaragaza ko kutubahiriza ibisabwa by’ubuziranenge, birimo ibyemezo by’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubuziranenge (RSB), bibangamira kugera ku masoko y’imbere mu gihugu, ayo mu karere n’ayo hanze y’igihugu.
Hari n’ikibazo cy’ubumenyi buke. Abahinzi benshi bagikoresha uburyo gakondo, badafite ibikoresho by’ibanze nko gupima ubuhehere bw’umusaruro. Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho nk’imifuka ibika umusaruro neza, ibyuma byumisha bikoresha izuba n’ibikoresho byoroshya gutunganya umusaruro biracyari bike kubera igiciro n’ubumenyi buke bwo kubikoresha.
Inzira y’ahazaza
CCOAIB isaba ko hashyirwa imbere kubaka ahantu ho kumisha umusaruro rusange, ububiko, ibyumba bikonjesha n’ibigo byegeranya umusaruro mu bice byera cyane, hifashishijwe cyane ingufu z’izuba no kunoza imihanda yo mu byaro.
Basaba kandi guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rihendutse, gutanga inguzanyo zoroshye n’inkunga ku makoperative n’ibigo bito n’ibiciriritse bitunganya umusaruro. Leta ifite intego yo kugabanya igihombo cy’umusaruro kuva kuri 13.8 ku ijana mu 2023 kikagera kuri 5 ku ijana mu 2029, ikaba ishimangira ko uruhare rw’abikorera n’ubufatanye bw’inzego zose ari ingenzi kugira ngo iyi ntego igerweho.
