Mu mateka y’isi, abagore ntibahoraga babyara baryamye bagaramye nk’uko bikunze kugaragara mu bitaro byinshi muri iki gihe. Ahubwo mu myaka ibihumbi ishize, abagore benshi babyaraga bahagaze, bapfukamye cyangwa bicaye basutamye, uburyo bwafashaga umwana kuvuka byoroshye.
Gusa uko imyaka yagiye ishira, uburyo bwo kubyara bwagiye buhinduka bitewe n’impinduka mu buvuzi n’imyumvire mishya yaje gukwirakwira mu Burayi, aho byaje no gukwira isi yose.
Uko abagore babyaraga mbere
Mu bihe bya kera, abagore babyaraga mu buryo butuma umubiri uba ugororotse, nko kwicara basutamye, gupfukama cyangwa kwishingikiriza ku bikoresho byabugenewe.
Abashakashatsi bagaragaza ko ubu buryo bwafashaga cyane mu koroshya kubyara. Iyo umugore abyaye yicaye cyangwa asutamye, inzira umwana anyuramo iraguka ho gato, ndetse imbaraga za rukurizi zigafasha umwana kumanuka byoroshye.
Uburyo nk’ubu ni bwo bwari busanzwe mu mico myinshi yo hirya no hino ku isi mbere y’uko kubyarira ku bitanda mu bitaro bitangira kwamamara.
Uko uburyo bwo kubyara bugaramye bwatangiye
Amateka agaragaza ko uburyo bwo kubyara umugore aryamye agaramye bwatangiye kwamamara mu Burayi mu myaka iri hagati ya 300 na 400 ishize.
Umufaransa witwa François Mauriceau, wari umuganga w’indwara z’abagore mu kinyejana cya 17, ni umwe mu bantu bagize uruhare mu gukwirakwiza ubu buryo. Mu gitabo yanditse mu 1668, yasobanuraga ko kubyarira ku gitanda byorohera umugore ndetse bikorohereza umuganga umufasha kubyara.
Muri icyo gihe kandi, ububyaza bwari butangiye kuva mu maboko y’abagore b’ababyaza busigara bwinjirwamo cyane n’abaganga b’abagabo, na bo bagashyigikira uburyo buborohereza mu kazi kabo.
Hari n’abashakashatsi bavuga ko n’umwami w’u Bufaransa Louis XIV ashobora kuba yaragize uruhare mu gukwirakwiza ubu buryo. Bivugwa ko yakundaga kureba abagore babyara, bityo uburyo bwo kubyara bagaramye bukamufasha kureba neza ibiri kuba.
Nubwo ibi bitemezwa n’abantu bose, hari abavuga ko imyitwarire y’abami n’abanyacyubahiro icyo gihe yagiraga ingaruka ku mibereho y’abaturage, bigatuma ubu buryo bugenda bukwirakwira.
Icyo ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi buvuga
Ubushakashatsi bwagiye bukorwa mu myaka ya vuba bwerekana ko uburyo bwo kubyara umubiri ugororotse bushobora kugira inyungu ku mubyeyi no ku mwana.
Inyigo imwe yakozwe mu 2013 ku bagore barenga 5,000 yagaragaje ko abagore babyaye bahagaze cyangwa bapfukamye bagize inyungu zitandukanye zirimo:
- Kugabanuka kw’ikorwa rya operasiyo yo kubaga (cesarienne)
- Kudakenera cyane ikinya gikuraho ububabare (epidural)
- Kugabanuka kw’ibyago ko umwana ajyanwa mu ishami ryita ku bana bavukanye ibibazo
Abahanga bavuga ko ibi biterwa n’uko rukurizi ifasha umwana kumanuka byoroshye, kandi nyababyeyi ntitsikamire imitsi minini itwara amaraso.
Igitekerezo cya “Active Birth”
Mu bihugu byinshi byateye imbere, hari kugenda hashyirwa imbere igitekerezo kizwi nka “active birth”, gishishikariza abagore kwisanzura no kugendagenda mu gihe cyo kubyara aho kuryama gusa ku gitanda.
Abahanga mu by’ububyaza bavuga ko umugore akwiye guhabwa amahitamo yo kubyara mu buryo bumworoheye, nko gupfukama, kwicara cyangwa kwishingikiriza ku bikoresho byabugenewe.
Amabwiriza y’inzego zimwe z’ubuzima mu Burayi anashishikariza abagore kwirinda kuryama ku mugongo mu gihe cya nyuma cyo kubyara, ahubwo bagahitamo uburyo bumva bubafasha kurushaho.
Akamaro ko kumenya amahitamo
Abahanga mu by’ububyaza bagaragaza ko kumenya amahitamo ari ingenzi ku bagore batwite. Iyo basobanukiwe uburyo butandukanye bwo kubyara, bibafasha gufata icyemezo kibabereye kandi bakabyara bisanzuye.
Ibi bituma kubyara bitafatwa nk’indwara, ahubwo bikaba igikorwa gisanzwe cy’ubuzima gishobora gukorwa mu buryo butandukanye, bitewe n’icyo umugore yumva kimworoheye n’inama agirwa n’abaganga.
